Wheel hubs are nowadays usually designed as weight and stiffness-optimized forged parts.  The component designs, including the stiffness calculations, are developed within the Hirschvogel Automotive Group.  The forged parts are machined in several steps on agile machining cells using turning, induction hardening, broaching, drilling and partialcoating.  Using special broaching processes, the assembly forces of the driving stub axle are enhanced, and thus serve to increase component life and to reduce the noise level in the powertrain.