CVJ parts are used in the powertrain to transmit the torque to the wheel by simultaneously allowing some bending of the shaft without any variation of the rotational speed.  They form the basis for front-wheel drive cars and for single-wheel suspension chassis.  These parts mainly consist of a cup which is joined to a shaft.  Depending on the steel grade, the raw part is either produced by hot or warm forging.  Subsequently, the ball tracks can either undergo induction or case hardening.  Sophisticated CVJ parts with ball grooves or with tripod tracks may be produced up to net shape.